![]() ![]() ![]() This is largely due to unmet demand from first-time homebuyers as well as a select few who had been waiting for rates to hit a cyclical low," Freddie Mac said.įor perspective on what the Nashville area is experiencing in terms of pricing, Greater Nashville Realtors said the average price for a home in February was around $446,000.Īccording to CBS News, the chief economist at said rising mortgage rates that make housing less affordable should slow price increases, but right now the rates are moving the other way. Purchase demand has weakened modestly but has continued to outpace expectations. "Mortgage rates continued moving upward in the face of rising inflation as well as the prospect of strong demand for goods and ongoing supply disruptions. The recession and crisis followed an extended period of expansion in US housing. home prices will still rise another 5.9.However, the real estate firm. Rise and Fall of the Housing Market Effects on the Financial Sector. Over the coming 12 months, CoreLogic forecasts U.S. "A housing bubble occurs when real estate demand outpaces supply, causing the average price of properties for sale to rise – often at a high or alarming rate," Rocket Mortgage explains on its website.Īccording to Freddie Mac, mortgage rates for a 30-year fixed mortgage are higher than they have been since 2018. We have at least one element of a housing bubble: Overvaluation. The crash of the Japanese asset price bubble from 1990 on has been very damaging to the Japanese economy. List of real estate bubbles From end of cold war to 2008 Great Recession. As the 13th season of 'MTV Cribs' aired in 2006, the housing market had already hit the first two criteria and, unknown to the public, was. Year-over-year prices increases now stand at 19.9. There are signs of a market tipping point based on a number of factors Dallas Fed economists considered. As measured by the CaseShiller index, the US experienced a housing bubble peaking in the second quarter of 2006 (2006 Q2). Third, the housing bubble pops and home prices fall. The US housing market blew past that mark in April of this year, with a new record set every month since. ![]() The Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas is warning that there are signs of a brewing housing bubble. These trends have some wondering if the nation is repeating the housing bubble from the early 2000s. Experts see the current boom as far safer than the prior rally. (WTVF) - If you tried to buy a home recently, you know it is not an easy task.ĬBS News reports consumers are facing bigger price tags, are ditching typical homebuying steps such as inspections, or are abandoning the idea of buying a house altogether during the pandemic. According to Zillow, the price of the average home in the US is 350,000 up 20.7 percent from a year ago. Robert Galbraith/ Reuters Several gauges of housing market activity mirror trends seen just before the bubble burst in 2008. ![]()
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![]() ![]() This is just displaying a single full-screen image, on a really good CPU for the time, and we’re already down to a very low framerate. Two EGA cards are first, and their performance is really really bad. Paradise Autoswitch EGA2 (EGA, 8-bit ISA) Here are the results for drawing a single full-screen image to the framebuffer, in the (to the best of my knowledge) most optimal way possible: CPU But what does this mean in practice? In order to get some concrete numbers, I wrote a benchmark and ran it on a few DOS-era machines. How bad was it, exactly? The theoretical maximum bandwidth of the ISA bus is 8 MB/s, which is more than enough to push a 320×200 image with 4 bits per pixel (16 colors) at 70 Hz – that only requires about 2.2 MB/s. There was also a way to copy from video memory to video memory (latch copy – more on that later), but it still required the CPU to manually drive the process. So the CPU had to “get its hands dirty” and manually copy all the pixels from main memory to video memory. But EGA/VGA graphics cards didn’t support that. Sound cards, hard drive controllers, and other devices at least had DMA support, which meant data could be transferred between system RAM and the hardware device without the CPU’s involvement. PCs had faster CPUs compared to gaming consoles, but that speed didn’t help much when all the pixels had to be squeezed through the slow ISA bus. PCs were primarily designed for office work and business applications, where fast & smooth graphics weren’t a priority (once graphical user interfaces and higher resolutions became popular though, the need for faster graphics increased, leading to the creation of the VLB bus). The first problem is that early PCs were not quite fast enough to redraw the entire screen each frame while maintaining full framerate (i.e. There’s two issues with that when targeting EGA cards. ![]() The simplest way of doing that is to simply draw the background first, and then draw everything else on top, overwriting the parts of the background that are obscured. creating the combined image in the graphics card’s framebuffer. Without hardware support, the compositing has to be done entirely in software, i.e. On consoles and arcades, this was typically achieved via hardware acceleration, where the programmer can set up multiple image layers and the hardware takes care of compositing these together into the final output (unlike the SNES, the NES didn’t have hardware layers, but it still had some hardware features that made parallax scrolling a bit easier to implement). What does parallax scrolling require, on a technical level? Conceptually, it’s quite simple: We need to draw the background separately from the foreground, and use different scroll offsets for each. But the rendering engine itself is still fundamentally EGA-based, and the game does in fact run on EGA cards – just with incorrect colors.īefore we dive into Duke Nukem’s implementation of the effect, let’s take a look at why parallax scrolling was generally hard to do in EGA games. It requires a VGA card and features some 256-color scenes, but all the gameplay itself is using a 16-color EGA mode, just using the VGA palette to achieve custom colors that aren’t possible on EGA. Early DOS games featuring parallax scrolling were typically VGA games, and that’s for good reasons, as we’ll see.ĭuke Nukem is kind of a hybrid. It’s worth noting that the vast majority of early Apogee games targeted EGA, to make the games accessible for people with older hardware (VGA is backwards compatible with EGA). Duke Nukem II’s parallax scrolling in action So by having this feature, Duke Nukem II stands out among Apogee’s catalog of platformers, along with its predecessor Duke Nukem from 1991 and the 1992 game Cosmo’s Cosmic Adventure (which shares a lot of code and file formats with Duke 2). There are also some very early examples, like the PC port of the aforementioned Moon Patrol from 1983, but it features only an outline of a background, not a graphical image. Among the side-scrolling DOS games released from 1990 to 1993, very few have parallax scrolling (by 1993, it becomes a little more frequent, but still rare). Popularized by the arcade game Moon Patrol in 1982, the effect was already quite common on arcades and home consoles by the early 90s. ![]() Parallax scrolling – creating an illusion of depth in a 2D scene by having the background and foreground move at different speeds – is pretty much a staple of platformers and other 2D games nowadays. ![]() ![]() ![]() But few delivered a sleek, designer-filled wardrobe throughout the week quite like Usher. A movie is being filmed inspired in his life and Usher will be the main character. 509 Likes, TikTok video from Tr Hale (everydaywithtre): 'stitch with theejoshneal the usher fade was the one. Sugar Ray Leonard had an Afro in his boxing days and hence the natural Afro grown by Usher for the movie As we can see with Usher haircuts below, he has often used his mohawk to further accentuate his curls while often including patterns within his hair.Īttending all of the big shows, from Louis Vuitton to Amiri, the singer brought forward a bold assortment. Pictures of Usher's Afro hairstyle for his kinky hair In addition to this we often saw his sides widely shaved off and this was a personal choice. ![]() Pictures of Sugar Ray Leonard's 'Fro back in the '80sĪ similar case is that of Drake and his Afro which unfortunately was a wig but which he has to have the same hair style for a movie (in the case of Drake, it's "Anchorman 2: The Legend Continues"). Any questions/issue? Contact me directly or any of the moderators. Always front part of your head is the main part that completes your handsomeness, check this shaped up usher haircut, with cool curly buzz head style. We welcome any feedback to improve our community. Please note that price discussions of products are NOT allowed. Support for the no vote in the regions has grown to 62 per cent, with only 31 per cent in favour of the voice.You can also check out our forum's BEST HAIR PRODUCTS FOR MEN thread to read opinions and useful information on men's hair products. Support for a voice among male voters increased seven points to 45 per cent with 47 opposed, while 49 per cent of female voters indicated a no vote. The poll for The Australian showed 48 per cent of voters now intend to vote no, with just 38 per cent of female voters saying they approve of the voice. “Power prices, food prices, fuel prices, rent, the Labor Party seems to be oblivious to that, and the polls are now reflecting their oblivion.”Ī separate Newspoll showed the referendum for an Indigenous voice to parliament has lost support among women voters and in the regions, with just 41 per cent of voters overall now saying they will vote yes. “People are paying and they’re hurting,” he said. “Our real focus is not the polling, it’s actually dealing with the cost of living issues.”īut Nationals MP Barnaby Joyce said it was due to cost of living concerns that some voters had turned away from the government. “Polls jump around all the time and we don’t take too much notice of it, it’s still a very strong position for the government,” she told Seven’s Sunrise program on Monday. The preferred prime minister ratings reflected these results with Mr Albanese lifting two points to 54 per cent and Mr Dutton dropping three points to 29 per cent.Įnvironment Minister Tanya Plibersek said despite the government losing ground, Labor was unconcerned by the result. ![]() Opposition leader Peter Dutton’s approval ratings fell two points to 36 per cent, while his dissatisfaction rating was unchanged from last month’s poll at 49 per cent. His dissatisfaction rating dropped a point to 41 per cent, giving him a net approval rating of plus 11. Labor leader Anthony Albanese’s approval ratings are largely unchanged, remaining at 52 per cent – the lowest level since he was elected in May last year. Labor has improved its two-party-preferred margin over the Coalition by two points to 55-45 according to the poll of 1570 Australian voters, conducted between July 12 and 15. Support for other minor parties and independents also rose a point to 11 per cent. Support for the Greens and Pauline Hanson’s One Nation each rose a point to 12 and seven per cent respectively. The survey showed a three-point rise in support for minor parties and independents. Australians appear to be pulling their support from the major parties to express their frustration over their politicking over the commission’s findings and the voice to parliament, instead of focusing on the cost of living crisis. ![]() ![]() ![]() Notes: Key Lime Pie Recipe, This key lime pie filling is made with sour cream and sweetened condensed milk and pairs perfectly with your favorite homemade graham cracker crust. Beat cream, powdered sugar and vanilla in large mixing bowl with electric mixer on medium speed until stiff. Preheat oven to 325☏ In medium mixing bowl, beat egg yolks gradually beat Eagle Brand and lime juice.Sprinkle reserved lime zest in top, and refrigerate until filling is set, about 3 to 4 hours. Classic Key Lime Pie | Recipe Instructions - Step 3 Add softened cream cheese, sweetened condensed milk, lime juice and 2/3 of the lime zest to a large mixing bowl, and beat on high until smooth and creamy (about 4 minutes).Bake 7 to 10 minutes or until tiny bubbles begin to form on surface of pie. Whisk sweetened condensed milk, lime juice and sour cream in large bowl until blended.Classic Key Lime Pie | Recipe Instructions - Step 2.Bake 10 minutes or until crust begins to brown. Press mixture into bottom and sides of a 9-inch pie plate to form crust. Mix in the condensed milk, key lime juice, and lime zest. Great recipe for Key lime pie From Eagle Brand. Using the same mixer, beat together the cream cheese and sugar. Using an electric mixer, beat the whipping cream until stiff peaks form. Bake in preheated 325☏ (160☌) oven for 30 minutes. Chill in the freezer while preparing the filling. Whisk together egg yolks, Eagle Brand, lime juice and food colouring, if desired. Pour the pie filling into a pre-made graham cracker crust and place it in the oven. Place the sweetened condensed milk, sour cream, Key lime juice, and zest into a large mixing bowl. Add melted butter and stir until evenly moistened. Press the mixture firmly into a 9 pie plate. Preheat the oven to 350 degrees Fahrenheit. Classic Key Lime Pie | Recipe Instructions - Step 1.What could be easier than that? Plus, because this pie is made with Eagle Brand Sweetened Condensed Milk, it has a rich and creamy flavor that you won't find in any other pie. When it's done, all that's left is to chill it and serve it up. Then pop it into the oven and wait for it to bake. All you need to do is mix together the filling ingredients and pour them into the prepared crust. Not only is this pie delicious, but it is also incredibly simple to make. ![]() Once it's finished baking, the pie is chilled and served with a dollop of whipped cream and a sprinkle of lime zest. The result is a smooth and creamy custard filling that is then poured into a prepared graham cracker crust before being baked in the oven. Roll out and place in 9-inch tart pan without stretching dough. Cook and stir on medium heat until mixture is clear. ![]() All you have to do is combine it with some freshly-squeezed key lime juice, eggs, and butter. Instructions For Meringue: COMBINE 1 tablespoon sugar, cornstarch and water in small saucepan. The main ingredient, Eagle Brand Sweetened Condensed Milk, is already made and ready to use. Beginning at outer edge of filling, place a row of pecan halves around top. Add syrup, melted butter, pecans and vanilla. Making this pie is surprisingly easy and requires just a few basic ingredients. Add sugar and flour until sugar is dissolved. The combination of these two ingredients creates a creamy, tart, and refreshing dessert that your family will love. Have you ever wanted to make a pie that was extra special and unique? If so, then you should definitely try making an Eagle Brand Sweetened Condensed Milk Key Lime Pie! This delicious recipe combines two classic flavors: sweetened condensed milk and key lime. ![]() ![]() ![]() When the battery is low or the connection between the drone and remote is weak, the drone will trigger the return to home function. ![]() GPS & GLONASS Navigation Satellite System: Equipped with these two navigation modules, the drone can hover more stably and reduce the risk of losing.And the 130° FOV and 90° adjustable lens make you see a bigger world. The 5GHz FPV transmission allows you to pull off epic, fast-paced shots. It uses pixels outside the border of the visible frame to provide a buffer for the motion. This technique shifts the electronic image from frame to frame of video, enough to counteract the motion. 4K EIS CAMERA: The EIS (Electronic Image Stabilization) is also called Real-time digital image stabilization.Remember that weighing about 500 grams, both drones need to register in order to fly legally in most countries, including the US, and Canada. I would highly recommend them to anyone who wants great value for their money! They have similar flight characteristics and camera performance. Conclusionsīoth of the drones are amazing for their price. The RC is powered by a built-in battery which lasts a couple of flights easily. More flight parameters (speed, altitude, distance, and battery level) are provided via the mobile APP. The LCD screen provides telemetry information such as GPS mode (ON/OF), Flight mode (Sport/Normal/Camera), camera status, and RTH. The remote controller included with these drones has a nice piano black finish with an onboard status display and folding antennas. ![]() The F11 GIM 4K has 1500 meters (1 mile), and the HS720E only 1000 meters (0.62 miles). F11 GIM vs HS720E: Flight rangeĭespite that, these two drones are using the same transmitter (at least apparently) they have a different advertised flight range. Both drones can be purchased in a bundle with 1, 2, or flight batteries. Both batteries are charged via a micro USB port, which takes more than 5 hours. The higher power battery allows about 5 minutes extra flight time for the F11GIM compared to the HS720E. While the Rukon F11GIM is powered by a 2500mA, 3cell battery, the HolyStone HS720E by a 2800mAh LIPO pack. I highlighted with red where the F11GIM excels and with green where the HS720E shines. In the table below, I tried to compare the most important specs of both 4K drones. Ruko F11 GIM versus Holy Stone HS720E in-depth comparison Being powered by a 2S 2800mAh battery, the Holy Stone HS720E drone has about 22 minutes of flight time. The most important difference compared to the Ruko F11 GIM, is its bottom camera which serves as an optical flow sensor. With folded arms measures 172 x 104 x 56 mm and comes with a pretty cool travel-friendly case. Like its contender, it also has a stabilized 4K camera. The HS720E is a very nice-looking quadcopter, it is made from high-quality plastic and has a premium feel to it. In addition to mechanical stabilization, it also features electronic image stabilization (EIS). The F11GIM’s 4K cames comes installed on a 2-axis gimbal. As you could read from our review, the F11 series has been permanently improved over the last few years. It does not just have the same design but also almost identical features. I will start with the Ruko F11 GIM, which is basically rebranded SJRC F11 4K Pro. Our Ruko F11 vs Holy Stone HS720E comparison covers features, range, and battery life. Today, we will compare two of the most popular 4K drones that you can buy in this budget on Amazon. Unfortunately, with only $300 in your pocket, you can’t afford a DJI drone, but there are still few nice drones that you can consider. ![]() Ruko F11 GIM versus Holy Stone HS720E in-depth comparison. ![]() ![]() If still you’re experiencing Epic Games Facebook Login Not Working issue, Clearing your browser cache and cookies can remove any outdated or corrupted information that may be causing login issues. Check your Facebook account to make sure it’s active and in good standing. If your Facebook account is temporarily or permanently disabled, you won’t be able to log in to Epic Games using Facebook. Make Sure Your Facebook Account is Active Check the Facebook and Epic Games social media accounts or websites to see if there are any reported issues. If Facebook or Epic Games servers are down or experiencing technical issues, you won’t be able to log in to Epic Games using Facebook. Check for Facebook or Epic Games Server issues If you are experiencing issues with Epic Games Facebook Login Error, there are several steps you can take to try and fix the Epic Games Facebook Login Not Working issue. Read : This May be Due to a Technical Error That We’re Working to Get Fixed on Facebook How to Fix “Epic Games Facebook Login Not Working” Problem? Firewall or Antivirus Settings – Firewall or antivirus software on users’ devices might be blocking access to Facebook login, which can prevent login from working.Privacy Settings – Users might have set their Facebook privacy settings to restrict third-party apps’ access to their Facebook account information, which can prevent Epic Games from accessing their account for login.Cache or Cookies issues – Cached data or cookies on users’ devices may cause login problems, as they may contain outdated or corrupted information.If the access token is invalid or expired, the login will not work. Invalid Access Token – Facebook access token is required to use Facebook login on Epic Games.Incorrect Login Credentials – Users may be entering incorrect Facebook login credentials, such as email address or password, which can cause login failure.Epic Games Server issues – Epic Games’ servers might be down or experiencing technical problems, which can prevent Facebook login from working.Facebook Server issues – Facebook servers might be down or facing some technical glitches, which can cause login issues for all third-party apps that use Facebook login.Some common causes for Epic Games Facebook login not working problem include. There could be several reasons why Epic Games’ Facebook login is not working. Why is Epic Games Facebook Login Not Working? Revoke Epic Games’ Access to Your Facebook Account ![]() How to Fix “Epic Games Facebook Login Not Working” Problem?.Why is Epic Games Facebook Login Not Working?. ![]() ![]() ^ "redlettertech/FoxitReaderPDFPrinter.ps1 - script will install the Foxit Reader PDF Printer". ![]() Criticism of removal of PDF printer from Foxit Reader - Posts by users and responses from Foxit, starting on.
![]() ![]() Statement:ĭownloaded manually and tried to install. ![]() The usual approaches with dism /online /cleanup-image /startcomponentcleanup, download and manual installation also failed. Anyone else having problems with this? What can be done? Error code: 0x80073701.ģ attempts, failed 3 times. Januar 2023) reporting an installation error in 22H2 (translated): On Facebook, there is a German comment on my article Patchday: Windows 10-Updates (10. ![]() Installation errorsįurthermore, some people report that updates cannot install and a rollback occurs. The measures mentioned in the German Windows FAQ do not help either. BSOD.īut since it is Windows Server 2016, there could be another cause, because the support article of update KB5022289 does not mention the fix for the stop code 0xc000021a. When shutting down he installs yes still one or the other.Īs soon as he "really" restarts, the server no longer comes up. Installation goes through without a problem. (Exchange does not matter here).Ģ of them were successfully installed with the 2022-12 Windows Updates. On German site there is the thread WS 2016 BSOD 0xc000021a nach Security Update, where someone reports the stop error for Windows Server 2016. However, there are some voices that still complain about a stop error 0xc000021a. So they have been working on this problem and believe they have solved it. They might receive an error (0xc000021a) and have a blue screen. This update addresses a known issue that might affect startup on some Windows devices. ![]() In the update description for Windows 10, Microsoft states: In this German comment and here reader Birgit asks if the bluescreen problem (from the December 2022 Windows Cumulative Update) is now fixed with the January patch. However, it seems to have hit Windows 11 as well, as the colleagues from Bleeping Computer write here. Within the blog post a workaround to fix the BSOD is given. Microsoft had confirmed the BlueScreen bug in Dec 2022 for Windows 10 20H2-22H2 (see Windows 10 20H2-22H2: Update KB5021233 from 13. The December 2022 security updates could cause a BlueScreen (Stop error) on Windows systems. So far there is no feedback if the uninstallation helped. I'll see if it works again when I uninstall the update. Since the update (KB5022348) the connection to the SQL server does not work and the application reports SSL errors when connecting. I have here two servers 2012, one runs the SQL server and on the other the application that uses the SQL. In a second comment German blog reader Eiko also reported issues with SQL Server (2017) on Windows Server 2012 in connection with update KB5022348: Anyone else who hasn't had the ODBC problems fixed? Unfortunately, there is no response to the question about details and whether the replacement of the driver (see Windows: Microsoft Workaround for ODBC SQL connection issues (Jan. In this German comment a blog reader reported that this error still occurs with him. You might also receive an error in the app, or you might receive an error from the SQL Server. This update addresses a known issue that affects apps that use Microsoft Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) SQL Server Driver ( sqlsrv32.dll) to connect to databases. In all security updates, Microsoft states that the, already confirmed (see Windows: November 2022 updates cause ODBC connection problems with SQL databases), ODBC-SQL database connection bug should be fixed: I provide an overview of the most critical vulnerabilities in the blog post Microsoft Security Update Summary (January 10, 2023) and in the blog posts about Windows update linked at the end of the article. As of of January 10, 2023, Microsoft has released security updates for the various Windows versions (clients, servers) that are also intended to close vulnerabilities that are considered critical. ![]() ![]() ![]() “As of version 7.2.4, Max for Live will work in macOS Sierra. However, older versions of Live 9 cannot be expected to function flawlessly, nor is Live is supported on the beta version of macOS Sierra.” “We are not aware of any issues affecting the latest version of Live 9 under macOS Sierra. They note that only the newest version of Live 9 is confirmed to be working well: It’s a similar story here – no major issues so far. So far we haven’t heard of any major issues – just a few posts on the Rekordbox forums and Facebook groups that seem to indicate everything is working without issue:Ībleton has written up a support article on their site sharing a bit of details about Live 9 and the new macOS. During this time, you may try it at your own risk, Pioneer DJ does not guarantee performance, assumes no responsibility for loss of information, and will not provide support should you encounter any problems.” Rekordbox noted earlier this summer that, “We will not be officially supporting Sierra until after the official public release and we’ve had an opportunity to verify compatibility. ![]() Note that similar to Native Instruments, Serato have stop supporting older devices and sound cards – like the Rane TTM57 (MK1) mixer and Rane SL1 soundcard. If you have supported hardware for Serato DJ, we recommend upgrading. However, we’ve been testing Serato DJ across the beta versions of Sierra and should be able to confirm support shortly after the official release. The main warning is for legacy Serato Scratch Live users:Īs Scratch Live is a legacy product, we don’t recommend updating to macOS Sierra as there may be unknown issues. To ward off any potential issues this time around, Serato has sent out a mass email letting their users know the current status of their software. Serato DJ also had some hiccups with El Capitan – most of which were resolved after an arduous few weeks with serious issues. Native Instruments has mentioned on CenterCode that they will stop support of these devices with this new update: There are a few legacy devices that are still having issues with their audio output which, according to NI, still seem to have crackling issues. If you’ve experienced issues with stuttering audio and dropouts, many beta testers have confirmed that macOS Sierra seems to fix these with the new version of Core Audio: “after working closely with Apple and intensive testing, macOS Sierra delivers very stable audio performance on all our current-generation hardware devices.” With El Capitan, there have continued to be a number of major issues for users of Traktor’s hardware, mostly related to larger CoreAudio problems. Let’s start with the most exciting development. Don’t take risks! Traktor Pro With macOS Sierra Always have a backup plan or way to roll back your operating system. Warning: Do not update to macOS Sierra if your current DJ setup is stable and you have an important gig coming up. Read on to learn what the state of DJ software is with this new release. This week Apple releases macOS Sierra, 10.12. Even now, many DJs and producers have held off on updating. About a year ago, Apple released OS X 10.11, El Capitan – and DJs around the world either experienced or heard about the many issues that plagued digital DJ software. ![]() ![]() ![]() So why did the monks go to so much trouble to create these amazing pages? It's as if the book itself flaunted the spiritual qualities of the text to those who saw it. The Secret of Kells, an animated feature about a young boy’s passion for the manuscript was nominated for an Oscar. One of the experts on the manuscript Bernard Meehan writes "For many in Ireland it symbolises the power of learning, the impact of Christianity on the life of the country, and the spirit of artistic imagination.” That's true for the tens of thousands of visitors who pay homage to the manuscript each year and it’s even captured the imagination of filmmakers. The 11th Century Annals of Ulster describe the Book of Kells as “ primh-mind iarthair domain”, “the most precious object of the Western world”. There monks created the lovely Lindisfarne Gospel but the Irish would claim the Book of Kells is the finest of its kind. Monks from the original monastery founded by St Columba also set up other monastic communities including one on the great rock of Lindisfarne in Northumberland, established by the Ionan monk Aidan in 635. The Book of Kells isn’t the only illuminated manuscript in the so-called insular style. This is a description thought by many to be of the Book of Kells by the 12th Century writer Gerald of Wales: Practically all of the 680 pages are decorated in some way or another. On some pages every corner is filled with the most detailed and beautiful Celtic designs. Written on vellum, it is estimated that the skins of 185 calves were needed for the project. The scale and ambition of The Book of Kells is incredible. A few years later it reached Trinity College where it remains today. ![]() According to the Annals of Ulster it was found “two months and twenty days” later “under a sod.” After fighting in the Cromwellian period, the church at Kells lay in ruins, and in 1653 the book was sent to Dublin by the governor of Kells for safekeeping. But medieval sources do record that an illuminated manuscript was stolen from the stone church of Kells in 1006 which is likely to have been the Book of Kells. The most likely theory is that the monks took the manuscript with them.Īmazingly since they were written, the majority of the pages have been passed down through the generations with just 60 pages missing. In 806, following a raid that left 68 of the community dead, the Columban monks took refuge in a newly-founded monastery at Kells in County Meath in Ireland to keep them safe. The monastery, like many early Christian communities, came under the threat of Viking raids. This is a really complex and gorgeous carpet page (see below), which includes snake-like creatures whose mouths clamp down on their own writhing bodies (see this image detail).But it wasn't just forces of nature with which the monks had to contend. To see the relationship between carpet pages and other pages in the text, consider how the carpet page from the Book of Matthew in the Lindisfarne Gospels precedes the incipit page (see image of these two pages HERE). There are several possible origins for this type of carpet design, but I am drawn to the idea that these “carpets” are reminiscent of Islamic prayer rugs, for I think they may have also had a similar function: these carpets can serve as an aid to meditation in the sense that they alert the reader that the subsequent Gospel text is important, and the reader should mentally prepare before looking at the following pages within the book or codex. The designs of these manuscripts usually are quite symmetrical and typically have a strong vertical axis (and sometimes horizontal axes as well, which often forms the shape of a cross). Usually, there is hardly any text on these pages, or no text at all. Such pages appear in Christian, Islamic, and Jewish illuminated manuscripts. As I was looking at the digital copy of the book further, it struck me how this design is significant in relation to the context of the Book of Kells itself, since the Chi-Rho-Iota page is directly preceded by a carpet page (see above).Ĭarpet pages (sometimes called “cross-carpet pages”) are illuminated manuscripts which have a design that is generally in the shape of a rectangle (filling the outline of the page itself), with interlace and decorative geometric forms woven within the general rectangular form. I previously have written about how I think it is important to consider the exuberant decoration of the Chi-Rho-Iota page (known as the “Incarnation” page, folio 34r) in relation to the accompanying joyful text, which announces the birth of Christ. ![]() ![]() This morning, in preparation for class, I was looking at a digital copy of the Book of Kells. Carpet Page from the Book of Kells, folio 33r, c. ![]() |
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