![]() ![]() What drives the behavior appears to be the fear of losing items that the patient believes will be needed later and a distorted belief about or an emotional attachment to possessions. As a rule, people with the disorder acquire things of little or no value and cannot throw them away. In addition, children use animistic thinking, and they can use a symbol or sign to stand for something else, a process that is termed semiotic function .Ĭ) Psychiatric and Clinical Issues:Psychiatrically, persons with Hoarding Disorder (HD), which is a syndrome in the spectrum of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, have persistent and profound difficulty discarding or parting with their possessions. During this stage, children also use a type of magical thinking, called phenomenalistic causality, in which events that occur together are thought to cause one another (e.g., thunder causes lightning, and bad thoughts cause accidents). Also, children in this developmental stage are egocentric: they see themselves as the center of the universe accordingly, they are unable to modify their behavior for someone else . Children in the preoperational stage cannot deal with moral dilemmas, although they have a sense of what is good and bad, and have a sense of immanent justice, the belief that punishment for bad deeds is inevitable. ![]() Preoperational thought is midway between socialized adult thought and the completely autistic Freudian unconscious. Moreover, it is similar to that of the preoperational phase in children, in which thoughts, words, or actions assume power (e.g., to cause or to prevent events), and a tendency to endow physical events and objects with lifelike psychological attributes, such as feelings and intentions, which is termed animistic thinking ī) Cognitive Epistemology:Epistemologically, during the stage of preoperational thought (2 to 7 years of age), thinking and reasoning are intuitive and children learn without the use of reasoning. Likewise, magical thinking is known as a form of dereistic thought and is defined as an irrational (but not delusional) belief that certain outcomes are connected to certain thoughts, words, or actions, e.g. Similarly, autistic thinking, in which the thoughts are largely narcissistic and egocentric, with emphasis on subjectivity rather than objectivity, and without regard for reality, is used interchangeably with autism and dereism and is seen in schizophrenia and autistic disorder. So, dereistic thinking, which is known as one of the characteristics of schizophrenia, includes mental activity not concordant with logic or experience. BackgroundĪ) Operational Definition of Dereism and Associated Issues:Dereism is defined as a mental activity that follows a totally subjective and idiosyncratic system of logic and fails to take the facts of reality or experience into consideration. In the present article, dereism and the associated items, as important psychopathologic issues, which are many times, and in line with descriptive phenomenology, ascribed to serious psychiatric disorders, have been looked over, based on the available resources and some innovative inferences, which may indicate advantageous clinical suggestions. Thus, the omnipotence of thoughts, the overvaluation of mental processes as compared with reality, is seen to have unrestricted play in the emotional life of neurotic patients and in everything that derives from it, which resembles the barbarians who believe they can alter the external world by mere thinking. ![]() All obsessional neurotics are superstitious in this way, usually against their better judgment, which seems to have abandoned such beliefs. In the course of treatment, most obsessive patients are able to tell how the deceptive appearance arose in most of these cases, and by what contrivances they themselves have helped to strengthen their own superstitious beliefs. ![]() It may be said that the principle governing magic, the technique of the animistic mode of thinking, is the principle of the omnipotence of thoughts. Animism is the doctrine of souls and spiritual beings. In practice, of course, these three types of thinking are not discrete but constantly intermixed. The process of thinking, which cannot be separated from other mental functions, has been divided into the following three types: 1) undirected fantasy thinking = dereistic thinking = autistic thinking 2) imaginative thinking and 3) rational or conceptual thinking. ![]()
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